Free-standing graphene oxide paper (GOP) is a 2D laminar structure. GOP is composed of many closely parallel and stacked graphene oxide sheets prepared by a single atomic layer or few layer GO.

GOP can be used as a separation membrane (filtration materials) and applied to food processing, bio-pharmaceuticals, desalination, industrial electronics, and domestic waste water purification and so on. GOP can be used as energy storage materials and applied to Li-ion batteries, fuel cells, super-capacitors, Li-O2 batteries and solar cell. GOP can be employed as electrical insulators and electromagnetic shielding composites. GOP could be employed as antimicrobial materials due to its excellent biocompatibility and aqueous stability